以转化医学推动研究型医院建设

本文分析转化医学对推动研究型医院建设的意义,指出转化医学抓住研究型医院建设的切入点、关键点和落脚点,并结合医院管理实践,介绍医院以转化医学为抓手推动研究型医院建设的经验做法。作者指出,以转化医学推动研究型医院建设,关键在于将转化内涵融入管理理念,全力推进转化型学科建设,扎实做好转化型人才培养。     

医院核心价值观不可或缺

针对2012年度中国最佳医院前50名医院网站有6家无"核心价值观"理念,本文从医院哲学入手,简析核心价值观在医院文化理念体系中的位置,医院核心价值观的内容、提炼与表达。     

军队医院正规化建设的“三个有机结合”

军队医院作为军队与社会广泛接触的前沿阵地,应注重正规化建设与思想政治教育有机结合,在筑牢精神支柱上持续用力;正规化建设与精细化管理有机结合,在确保健康发展上强势用力;正规化建设与卫勤保障有机结合,在提高打赢能力上盯紧用力,大力加强正规化建设。     

加强重点学科建设 推动医院转型升级

本文着眼新形势新任务,以重点学科建设为主要抓手,通过更新发展观念、优化平台建设、打造特色技术、配强人才团队等有力措施,对医院重点学科实施分层分类的目标引导管理,带动医院学科建设整体发展,有力推动医院转型升级.     

Successes in sexual health communications development,programmatic implementation and evaluation in the Torres Strait region 2006 to 2012

Objective: To evaluate the Indigenous sexual health promotion program in the Torres Strait 2006–2012 that culminated in an education‐entertainment radio drama, Kasa Por Yarn (KPY). Methods: A mixed methods approach applied to unpublished program documents and program‐derived peer‐reviewed publications was utilised. Results: Early initiatives established a strong partnership with Torres Strait Islander stakeholders. Significant community engagement throughout ensured a positive process. Telephone survey data (n=100, TSI, 15–24 years) found: 95% had heard of KPY and 80% listened to 2 or more episodes (reach); 86% recalled storylines/characters (recall); and 54% talked about KPY to family/friends (resonance). There was improvement in sexual health knowledge scores (p<0.00) in the 15–19‐year‐old Torres Strait Islander population between 2007 and 2012. The 2012 15–24‐year‐old population exposed to KPY had higher sexual health knowledge scores compared with those unexposed (p=0.02). Conclusions: This is an uncommon comprehensive evaluation of population‐based sexual health communications strategies delivered over years in a remote Australian setting. The findings are encouraging but demonstrate that positive shifts take time and are incremental. Implications: In addition to clinical strategies, strategic and sustained investment in sexual health promotion expertise that leads community partnership and program development is required to reduce youth risk and prevent HIV/AIDS in remote populations.     

高校实施国库集中支付制度存在问题及对策研究

高校实施国库集中支付制度是一个逐步深化、日趋完善的过程.目前在具体实践中存在资金使用效率不高、会计核算难度加大等问题,同时对高校预算管理和信息化建设提出了更高的要求.为此建议进一步提升高校预算管理水平,完善高校会计核算体系,加强综合信息化建设,提高财务人员素质,充分发挥国库集中支付制度的优势,不断提高学校经费使用效益和财务管理水平,促进学校各项事业的有序发展.     

Perceptions of voluntary medical male circumcision among circumcising and non-circumcising communities in Malawi

Three randomised controlled trials in Africa indicated that voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) is an effective method to reduce a man's risk of becoming infected through sex with an HIV-positive female partner. The success of recent public health initiatives to increase numbers of circumcised men in Malawi has been very limited. We conducted in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) with men, women and male adolescents from non-circumcising and circumcising communities in southern Malawi to better understand their beliefs about male circumcision and the promotion of VMMC for HIV prevention. Results revealed that beliefs about male circumcision, in general, are strongly mediated by Malawian culture and history. Participants have attempted to develop a new meaning for circumcision in light of the threat of HIV infection and the publicised risk reduction benefits of VMMC. Several study participants found it difficult to distinguish VMMC from traditional circumcision practices (jando and lupanda), despite awareness that the new form of circumcision was an expression of (western) modern medicine performed largely for public health purposes. Greater recognition of background cultural beliefs and practices could inform future efforts to promote medical male circumcision as an HIV prevention strategy in this context.     

Vida PURA: A Cultural Adaptation of Screening and Brief Intervention to Reduce Unhealthy Drinking Among Latino Day Laborers

Background: Brief intervention is known to reduce drinking in primary care; however, because health care access is limited for Latino immigrants, traditional brief interventions are unlikely to reach this population. Methods: Using Barrera and Castro's framework, our study aims to culturally adapt a screening and brief intervention program to reduce unhealthy alcohol use among Latino day laborers, a particularly vulnerable group of Latino immigrant men. We conducted 18 interviews with Latino day laborers and 13 interviews with mental health and substance use providers that serve Latino immigrant men. Interviews were conducted until saturation of themes was reached. Themes from interviews were used to identify sources of mismatch between traditional screening and brief intervention in our target population. Results: Unhealthy alcohol use was common, culturally accepted, and helped relieve immigration-related stressors. Men had limited knowledge about how to change their behavior. Men preferred to receive information from trusted providers in Spanish. Men faced significant barriers to accessing health and social services but were open to receiving brief interventions in community settings. Findings were used to design Vida PURA, a preliminary adaptation design of brief intervention for Latino day laborers. Key adaptations include brief intervention at a day labor worker center provided by promotores trained to incorporate the social and cultural context of drinking for Latino immigrant men. Conclusions: Culturally adapted brief intervention may help reduce unhealthy drinking in this underserved population.     

The terms ‘autacoid’, ‘hormone’ and ‘chalone’ and how they have shifted with time

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